INTRODUCTION

The spider family Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 is one of the species-rich spider families, recognized by the arrangement of eight eyes into three rows, do not spin webs, and the females attach the egg sac to their spinnerets (Robert 1985).

The family includes 2405 species in 123 genera worldwide (World Spider Catalog 2017). Among them, 49 species and 8 genera have been reported from Korea (Yoo et al. 2015).

While studying specimens collected during the Korean indigenous species survey, four species, belonging to the genera Alopecosa, Lycosa and Pardosa, were identified as a new species and three species new to Korea; Alopecosa gachangensis n. sp., Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1757), Lycosa boninensisTanaka, 1989, and Pardosa hokkaidoTanaka and Suwa, 1986.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Leg measurements are shown as: total (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). The following abbreviations are used: c, carapace length; d, p, r and v in leg spination are dorsal, prolateral, retrolateral and ventral side of leg, respectively; Leg I, length of leg I; AER, anterior eye row; ALE, anterior lateral eye; ALE-PLE, distance between ALE and PLE; AME, anterior median eye; AME-ALE, distance between AME and ALE; AME-AME, distance between AMEs; AME-PME, distance between AME and PME; PER, posterior eye row; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye; PME-PLE, distance between PME and PLE; PME-PME, distance between PMEs. All measurements are in millimeters. The type specimens are deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Ministry of Environment, Korea.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Order Araneae Clerck, 1757 거미목

Family Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833 늑대거미과

Genus AlopecosaSimon, 1885 줄무늬늑대거미속

Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1757) 일월늑대거미 (신칭) (Figs. 1A-G, 2A-F)

Material examined: 1♀, 5♂♂, mixed forest at mountain foot (36°49′22″N, 129°05′10″E, alt. 805 m), 2.7 km northwest of the summit of Mt. Ilweol, Jesan-myeon, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 24 May 2015, B. K. Seo.

Diagnosis.A. aculeata (Clerck, 1757) is very similar to A. virgata (Kishida, 1909) in the general appearance, but different from the latter by the angular tip of median apophysis in the male palp and the spermathecae extending beyond the anterior end of hood in the female internal genitalia (Figs. 1B-G, 2D, F).

Description. Male. Total length 8.60. Habitus as in Fig. 1A. Carapace reddish brown with a broad white median band; 4.40 long, 3.20 wide; median furrow and radial grooves distinct; clypeus height 0.8 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.85, PER 1.31; AME 0.17, ALE 0.20, PME 0.44, PLE 0.36, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.03, PME-PME 0.30, PMEPLE 0.39, AME-PME 0.16, and ALE-PLE 0.85. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side>height>anterior side (86 : 60 : 34). Chelicera with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum 2.00 long, 1.60 wide. Labium 0.50 long, 0.50 wide. Leg measurements: I 11.00 (3.10, 1.60, 2.40, 2.20, 1.70), II 10.60 (3.00, 1.60, 2.20, 2.20, 1.60), III 10.30 (2.90, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50, 1.40), IV 14.20 (3.70, 1.60, 2.90, 4.00, 2.00). Leg I/c 2.50. Fem. I/c 0.70. Tib I/c 0.55. Met I/c 0.50. Pat. I+tib. I/c 0.91. Met. I/tar. I 1.29. Met. IV/tar. IV 2.00. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I, II d1-1- 1, p0-0-1; III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r1-1-1; IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0- 0-1. Tibiae; I, II p1-1, r0-0-1, v2-2-2; III, IV d1-1, p1-1, r1- 1, v2-2-2. Metatarsi; I p0-1-2, r0-0-1, v2-2-1; II p1-1-2, r0- 1-2, v2-2-1; III p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-2-1; IV p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v1-2-2-1. Abdomen oval and reddish brown, with a broad white median band; 4.20 long, 2.80 wide. Palpal organ (Fig. 1B-G); tegulum with prolateral distal extension; terminal apophysis small; median apophysis tip angular, with a mesally directed hook.

Female. Total length 11.80. Habitus as in Fig. 2A. Carapace 5.50 long, 4.00 wide; clypeus height 0.9 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.96, PER 1.96; AME 0.13, ALE 0.13, PME 0.30, PLE 0.26, AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.23, PME-PLE 0.33, AME-PME 0.12, and ALE-PLE 0.96. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side>height>anterior side (58 : 42 : 25). Sternum 2.30 long, 2.00 wide. Labium 0.70 long, 0.70 wide. Leg measurements: I 12.9. (3.70, 1.90, 2.80, 2.70, 1.80), II 12.60 (3.60, 1.80, 2.70, 2.70, 1.80), III 12.50 (3.50, 1.70, 2.40, 3.10, 1.80), IV 18.50 (4.60, 2.00, 3.90, 5.30, 2.40). Leg I/c 2.35. Fem. I/ c 0.67. Tib I/c 0.51. Met I/c 0.49. Pat. I+tib. I/c 0.85. Met. I/tar. I 1.50. Met. IV/tar. IV 2.21. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; II, III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r1- 1-1; IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1. Tibiae; I, II p1-1, v2-2-2; III, IV d1-1, p1-1, r1-1, v2-2-2. Metatarsi; I r0-1-1, v2-2-2; II p0-0-2, r0-1-2, v1-2-1; III p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-2-1; IV p1-1- 2, r1-1-2, v1-2-2-1. Abdomen with a black mark on anterior broad white median band; 7.00 long, 4.60 wide. Epigynum hooded; median septum slender; internal genitalia with two pairs of spermathecae and anterior spermathecae extending beyond hood; fertilization ducts well developed (Fig. 2B-F).

Habitat: Mixed forest.

World Distribution: Holarctic region.

Deposition: NIBR.

Identifier: Bo Keun Seo.

Alopecosa gachangensis n. sp. 가창늑대거미 (신칭) (Fig. 3A-F)

Material examined: Holotype: ♀, mixed forest near valley (35°45′05″N, 128°34′04″E, alt. 300 m), 3.4 km west southwest of the summit of Mt. Choijeongol, Gachang-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 1 July 1993, S. Y. Jeong.

Etymology. The specific name comes from the type locality, Gachang.

Diagnosis. The female of A. gachangensis n. sp. is similar to that of A. albostriata (Grube, 1861) in the broad median septum of epigynum, but differs from the latter by the structures of the spermathacae and genital ducts of the internal genitalia (Fig. 3B-F).

Description. Female (holotype). Total length 9.40. Habitus as in Fig. 3A. Carapace reddish brown with a broad yellowish brown median band; 4.80 long, 3.40 wide; median furrow and radial grooves distinct; clypeus height about equal to diameter of AME. AER 0.95, PER 1.37; AME 0.18, ALE 0.17, PME 0.40, PLE 0.36, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.34, PME-PLE 0.46, AME-PME 0.17, and ALE-PLE 1.48. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side>height>anterior side (83 : 59 : 37). Chelicera with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum 6.30 long, 5.30 wide. Labium 0.60 long, 0.80 wide. Leg measurements: I 10.70 (3.10, 1.60, 2.20, 2.10, 1.70), II 10.20 (2.90, 1.50, 2.00, 2.20, 1.60), III 10.30 (2.80, 1.50, 1.90, 2.40, 1.70), IV 13.90 (3.70, 1.60, 2.70, 3.90, 2.00). Leg I/ c 2.23. Fem. I/c 0.65. Tib I/c 0.46. Met I/c 0.44. Pat. I+tib. I/c 0.79. Met. I/tar. I 1.294 Met. IV/tar. IV 1.95. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-1-1; II, III d1-1- 1, p0-1-1, r1-1-1; IV d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Tibiae; I, II p1- 1, v2-2-2; III d1-1, p1-1, r1-1, v2-1-2; IV d1-1, p1-1, r1-1, v2-2-2. Metatarsi; I p0-1-2, r0-0-1, v2-2-1; II p1-1-2, r0-0- 1, v2-2-1; III p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-2-1; IV p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v1- 2-2-1. Abdomen oval and dark brown, with four discrete chevrons on dorsum; 5.40 long, 3.50 wide. Epigynum with a broad median septum connected anteriorly with copulatory openings; internal genitalia with two pairs of spermathecae; fertilization ducts developed (Fig. 3B-F).

Habitat: Mixed forest.

World Distribution: Korea (Daegu).

Deposition: NIBR.

Identifier: Bo Keun Seo.

Genus LycosaLatreille, 1804 짧은마디늑대거미속

Lycosa boninensisTanaka, 1989 거제늑대거미 (신칭) (Fig. 4A-G)

Material examined: 1♀, mixed forest (34°42′42″N, 128° 35′16″E, alt. 69 m), 1.4 km west southwest of the summit of Mt. Mang, Nambu-myeon, Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 13 July 2013, B. K. Seo.

Diagnosis. The male palp of L. boninensisTanaka, 1989 is similar to that of Trochosa ruricoloidesSchenkel, 1963. in the general appearance, but distinguished from the latter by the shape of terminal apophysis and the cymbium with several stout spines distally (Fig. 4B-G).

Description. Male. Total length 8.90. Habitus as in Fig. 4A. Carapace brown with a yellowish spindle-shaped median band; both margins with yellowish waving patterns; 5.20 long, 3.90 wide; median furrow and radial grooves distinct; clypeus height about radius of AME. AER 1.00, PER 1.36; AME 0.26, ALE 0.20, PME 0.52, PLE 0.40, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.30, AME-PME 0.12, and ALE-PLE 0.82. Median ocular quad rangle, posterior side>height>anterior side (55 : 43 : 28). Chelicera with three teeth on each margin. Sternum 2.38 long, 2.08 wide. Labium 0.54 long, 0.72 wide. Leg measurements: I 14.70 (4.00, 1.90, 3.00, 3.30, 2.50), II 13.80 (3.80, 1.80, 2.80, 3.10, 2.30), III 13.10 (3.50, 1.70, 2.30, 3.40, 2.20), IV 17.60 (4.50, 1.70, 3.50, 5.10, 2.80). Leg I/c 2.83. Fem. I/c 0.77. Tib I/c 0.58. Met I/c 0.63. Pat. I+tib. I/ c 0.94. Met. I/tar. I 1.32. Met. IV/tar. IV 1.82. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I d2-2-2, p0-0-2; II d2-2-2, p0-1-1, r1-0- 0; III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r1-1-1; IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0(1)-1. Tibiae; I, II d0-1, p1-1, r1-1, v2-2-2; III, IV d1-1, p1-1, r1- 1, v2-2-2. Metatarsi; I-III p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-2-1; IV p1-1- 2, r1-1-2, v1-2-2-1. Abdomen oval and brown; five brown transverse patterns on broad yellowish median band covered with whitish pubescence; 4.90 long, 2.60 wide. Palpal organ; cymbium with several stout spines distally; embolar tip clearly visible in ventral view; median apophysis triangular, directed ventrally (Fig. 4B-G).

Habitat: Mixed forest.

World Distribution: Korea (Gyeongsangnam-do), Japan, Taiwan.

Deposition: NIBR.

Identifier: Bo Keun Seo.

Genus Pardosa C.L. Koch, 1847 긴마디늑대거미속

Pardosa hokkaidoTanaka and Suwa, 1986

북해도늑대거미 (신칭) (Figs. 5A-G, 6A-F)

Material examined: 19♀♀, 4♂♂, mixed forest near valley (35°45′05″N, 128°34′04″E, alt. 300 m), 3.4 km west southwest of the summit of Mt. Choijeongol, Gachang-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 1 July 1993, J. J. Gwak; 2♀♀, mixed forest near valley (36°06′31″N, 128°00′40″E, alt. 186 m), 4 km southeast of the summit of Mt. Hwangak, Daehang- myeon, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 3 September 2005, B. K. Seo; 1♀, 2♂♂, mixed forest near mountain road (35°47′30″N, 128°05′34″E, alt. 553 m), 3.4 km southwest of the summit of Mt. Gaya, Gaya-myeon, Hapcheongun, Gyeongsangnam-do, 26 May 2007, B. K. Seo; 1♂, mixed forest near valley (35°46′01″N, 128°01′52″E, alt. 571 m), 5.9 km west southwest of the summit of Mt. Maehwa, Gabuk-myeon, Geochang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, 12 August 2007, B. K. Seo.

Diagnosis.P. hokkaidoTanaka and Suwa, 1986 is very similar to P. lauraKarsch, 1879 in the general appearance, but different from the latter by the tip of median apophysis in the male palp and the shapes of copulatory openings, spermathecae, and fertilization ducts, in the female genitalia (Figs. 5b-G, 6B-F).

Description. Male. Total length 5.17. Habitus as in Fig. 5A. Carapace reddish brown with a broad yellowish median band; 3.02 long, 2.27 wide; median furrow distinct; clypeus height 1.7 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.58, PER 1.26; AME 0.12, ALE 0.12, PME 0.38, PLE 0.30, AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.32, PME-PLE 0.38, AME-PME 0.12, and ALE-PLE 0.72. Median ocular quad- rangle, posterior side>height>anterior side (49 : 32 : 16). Chelicera with three teeth on each margin. Sternum 1.34 long, 1.14 wide. Labium 0.26 long, 0.34 wide. Leg measurements: I 8.83 (2.21, 0.95, 2.08, 2.14, 1.45), II 8.65 (2.27, 0.95, 1.83, 2.21, 1.39), III 8.76 (2.27, 0.88, 1.70, 2.52, 1.39), IV 12.36 (2.96, 0.95, 2.65, 3.97, 1.83). Leg I/c 2.92. Fem. I/ c 0.73. Tib I/c 0.69. Met I/c 0.71. Pat. I+tib. I/c 1.00. Met. I/tar. I 1.48. Met. IV/tar. IV 2.17. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I d1-1-1, p0-0-2, r0-1-1; II, III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0- 1-1; IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1. Tibiae; I-IV d1-1, p1-1, r1- 1, v2-2-2. Metatarsi; I, III p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-3; II p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2; IV p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v1-1-1-1-1-3. Abdomen elliptical and dark brown, with a broad yellowish median band extended to about two-thirds length of dorsum; 2.52 long, 1.64 wide. Palpal organ; terminal apophysis developed retrolaterally; embolar tip hidden behind median apophysis; median apophysis with pointed tip directed mesally (Figs. 5B-G).

Female. Total length 5.73. Habitus as in Fig. 6A. Carapace with a broad yellowish median band wider in front than behind; two yellow lines along each margin; clypeus height 1.5 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.58, PER 1.20; AME 0.12, ALE 0.12, PME 0.36, PLE 0.28, AME-AME 0.10, AMEALE 0.02, PME-PME 0.26, PME-PLE 0.36, AME-PME 0.12, and ALE-PLE 0.72. Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side>height>anterior side (46 : 31 : 15). Sternum 1.48 long, 1.18 wide. Labium 0.34 long, 0.40 wide. Leg measurements: I 8.38 (2.33, 1.01, 1.89, 1.83, 1.32), II 8.13 (2.27, 1.01, 1.76, 1.83, 1.26), III 8.20 (2.21, 0.95, 1.64, 2.14, 1.26), IV 12.34 (3.09, 1.13, 2.58, 3.78, 1.76). Leg I/c 2.89. Fem. I/ c 0.80. Tib I/c 0.65. Met I/c 0.63. Pat. I+tib. I/c 1.00. Met. I/tar. I 1.39. Met. IV/tar. IV 2.15. Leg spination pattern: Femora; I d1-1-1, p0-0-2, r0-1-1; II, III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0- 1-1; IV d1-1-1, p0-1-0, r0-0-1. Tibiae; I, II p1-0, r1-0, v2-2- 2-2; III, IV d1-1, p1-1, r1-1, v2-2-2. Metatarsi; I, II p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2; III p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-3; IV p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v1-1-1-1-1-3. Abdomen dark brown, with an anchor mark and three pairs of yellowish brown marks medially; 2.84 long, 2.08 wide. Epigynum with a pair of hooded grooves medially and a pair of copulatory openings posteriorly; internal genitalia with a pair of spermathecae and fertilization ducts (Fig. 6B-F).

Habitat: Mixed forest.

World Distribution: Korea (Gyeongsang-do), Japan, Russia.

Deposition: NIBR.

Identifier: Bo Keun Seo.