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ISSN : 1226-9999(Print)
ISSN : 2287-7851(Online)
Korean J. Environ. Biol. Vol.33 No.2 pp.197-200
DOI : https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2015.33.2.197

A Newly Recorded Sea Star of Genus Henricia (Asteroidea: Spinulosida: Echinasteridea) from the East Sea of Korea

Sook Shin*, Michael D. Ubagan
Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Korea
Corresponding Author : Sook Shin, Tel. 02-3399-1717, Fax. 02-3399-1729, shins@syu.ac.kr
May 13, 2015 June 12, 2015 June 12, 2015

Abstract

Asteroid specimens were collected from Shinnam, Gangwondo in the East Sea of Korea with fishing nets on 12 September 2014. The specimens were identified as Henricia reticulata Hayashi, 1940, belonging to family Echinasteridea of order Spinulosida. This species can be distinguished by a larger disc and broader arms compared to those other Henricia species. The morphological characteristics of this species are re-described with illustrations. By previous work of this genus, six species have been reported in the Korean fauna.


초록


    Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries

    INTRODUCTION

    The class Asteroidea (also known as sea star or starfish) is the most diverse and familiar class of the living Echnodermata, including over 1,800 species, distributed in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific as well as Arctic and Southern Oceans, inhabiting intertidal to 6,000 m abyssal settings (Mah 2015). The genus Henricia Gray, 1840 is a large genus of slender-armed sea stars belonging to family Echinasteridea Verrill, 1870. This family is characterized by an open or closed meshed skeleton bearing numerous small spinelets either in a group or scattered along the ridges, composing the skeleton and marginal plates distinguishable from dorsal plates (Fisher 1911). This genus is remarkably well represented in the North Pacific coast. Fisher (1911) has described numerous species and named varieties or subspecies from the Northwest coast. According to Clark and Downey (1991), Henricia is a difficult genus taxonomically due to its high degree of variation and tendency to form local forms that are more or less morphologically distinct, whereas they are capable of interbreeding with each other and overlapping to produce intermediates, according to Fisher (1911). Fisher (1911) also recognized as many as eight species and five subspecies in the North Pacific, nine of which were described by him. Hayashi (1940) described 10 new nominal species among the 17 species distinguished from Japan, and D’yakonov (1950) described eight new species among 19 species from the USSR. Clark (1996) listed 76 species and 11 subspecies of this genus. Clark and Jewett (2010) reported 13 new species of Henricia from the Aleutian Island Archipelago. Xiao et al. (2011) reported eight species and three subspecies of Henricia, based on collections from coastal waters of mainland China and the East China Sea. Six Henricia species, H. leviuscula, H. nipponica, H. ohshimai, H. pachyderma, H. regularis, and H. reniossa, were recorded from the Korean fauna (Shin and Rho 1996; Shin 2010).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS

    Some asteroid specimens were collected from Shinnam, Gangwondo in the East Sea of Korea with fishing nets on 12 September 2014. The collected specimens were preserved in 95% ethanol. Morphological features of the specimen were photographed by a scanning electron microscope (JSM- 6510, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), stereo microscope (Nikon SMZ1000, Nikon Co., Tokyo, Japan), and digital camera (Nikon D7000). Morphological characteristics were determined, such as the size of disc, arms (upper and proximal portion), adambulacral spines, dorsal skeleton and ventral skeleton. Abbreviations for measurements are as follows: R, major radius from disc centre to arm tip; r, minor radius from disc centre to edge of the disc.

    SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS

    Class Asteroidea de Blainville, 1830

    Order Spinulosida Perrier, 1884

    Family Echinasteridea Verill, 1870

    Genus Henricia, Gray, 1840

    Henricia reticulataHayashi, 1940

    그물애기불가사리 (신칭) (Fig. 1A-K)

    Henricia reticulataHayashi, 1940: 162, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2; Mah, 2014: 369140.

    Material examined: 2 specimens, Shinnam harbor, Gangwon- do, 12 September 2014, Shin, S. and Kim, D.

    Description: Disk large. Arms five in number, broad but not constricted at base and moderately tapering towards tips. Dorsal skeleton reticulated forming irregular mesh, composed of slender, elongated rod-like plates having three or four lobes. Dorsal paxillae small and pointed bearing four to 11 spinelets, forming like a comb and some formed by pair. Madreporite situated about midway between center and margin of disk, covered with small spinelets similar to adjacent dorsals and bearing circular in form. Noticeably, ventrolateral plates next to adambulacrals arranged in a row until tip of arm. Adambulacral spines four to seven in number, slender to blunt tips, arranged in two transverse or in a zigzag rows and inner spine facing furrow spine longer and outer spines decreasing in length and size. Furrow spine single.

    Size: R=67 mm, r=16 mm, R: r=4.1.

    Habitat: Muddy-sandy and rocky substrates.

    Distribution: Okhotsk Sea, Japan (Onagawa Bay Honshu, Muroran Hokkaido), Korea (East Sea).

    Deposition: These specimens were deposited in the Marine Echinoderm Resource Bank of Korea (MEBRK), Sahmyook University, Seoul, Korea.

    Remarks: As recorded by Hayashi, 1940 in Japan, this species is more or less similar to Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller) of Fisher’s description (1911), but differs in shorter and broader arms, fewer adambulacral spines, and wider intermarginal and ventrolateral areas. This species is not widely distributed in adjacent and surrounding regions compared to circumpolar H. sanguinolenta which is also distributed in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Body color of this species is orange or yellowish light red in life. This species was recorded in Korea for the first time.

    Figure

    KJEB-33-197_F1.gif

    Henricia reticulata. A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C. dorsal spines; D. adambulacral spines; E. oral part; F. madreporite; G. dorsal skeleton; H. ventral skeleton: adambulacral plate (A), ventrolateral plate (V), inferomarginal plate (I), intermediate (In), supermarginal plate (S); I. supermarginal plate; J. dorsal spines; K. adambulacral spines. Scale bars: A, B=2 cm, C, D, G, H=2 mm, E, F=1 mm, I=3 mm, J=100 μm, K=300 μm.

    Table

    Reference

    1. Jangoux M , Lawrence JM (1996) Echinoderms Studies, Churchill Livingstone, Vol.5; pp.183-250
    2. Clark AM , Downey ME (1991) Starfishes of the Atlantic , Chapman and hall, pp.-794
    3. Clark RN , Jewett SC (2010) A new genus and thirteen new species of sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinasteridea) from the Aleutian Island Archipelago , Zootaxa, Vol.2571; pp.1-36
    4. D'yakonov AM (1950) Sea Stars (Asteroids) of the USSR Seas , Keys to the Fauna of the U.S.S.R, Vol.34; pp.74-88(In Russian, English translation, Jerusalem 1968)
    5. Fisher WK (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters. Pt. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosa , U S Nat. Mus. Bull, Vol.76; pp.1-420
    6. Hayashi R (1940) Contributions to the Classification of the Sea-stars of Japan:I. Spinulosa , J. Fac. Imp. Sci. Hokkaido Univ. Ser, Vol.7; pp.107-204
    7. Mah C (2015) Henricia reticulata Hayashi, 1940 , World Asteroidea database. Accessed through. World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=369140 on 2015-05-11,
    8. Shin S (2010) Invertebrate Fauna of Korea, Sea stars , National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Vol.32 (1) ; pp.-150
    9. Shin S , Rho BJ (1996) Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of the Korea , Echinodermata, Ministry of Education, Vol.36; pp.-780
    10. Xiao N , Liao YL , Liu RY , Liu JY (2011) Records of the genus Henricia Gray, 1840 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Echinasteridae) from Chinese waters , Zootaxa, Vol.3115; pp.1-20

    Vol. 40 No. 4 (2022.12)

    Journal Abbreviation 'Korean J. Environ. Biol.'
    Frequency quarterly
    Doi Prefix 10.11626/KJEB.
    Year of Launching 1983
    Publisher Korean Society of Environmental Biology
    Indexed/Tracked/Covered By

    Contact info

    Any inquiries concerning Journal (all manuscripts, reviews, and notes) should be addressed to the managing editor of the Korean Society of Environmental Biology. Yongeun Kim,
    Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
    E-mail: kyezzz@korea.ac.kr /
    Tel: +82-2-3290-3496 / +82-10-9516-1611